As a yearly rate over those years, Brazilian air travel grew almost three times as fast as the economy. Its estimated income response is the steepest of any ranked market, though part may reflect new airlines entering.
What this shows: The chart covers 2000 Q1 to 2025 Q3 and its vertical axis shows log(passengers). Data run through 2025 Q3.
Conditions and method
Status: confirmed (full-sample evidence; a pre-COVID control sample dissents).
ANAC (Brazil’s civil aviation agency) scheduled flights, all carriers, domestic and international, paid passengers; non-scheduled flights are outside the passenger series plotted here.